Speaking
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Strategies
When you are speaking you need time to think;
Use hesitation words, fixed expressions;
Make sure you understand the subject, collect enough information;
Give your opinion and ask what the others what they think;
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Reading
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Strategies:
Before reading, look at the title, pictures and the first couple of lines of the text;
Predict what kind of text it is and what it is about;
Try to work out the meaning of important new words, use dictionary;
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Almaty
Almost 150 years have passed since Almaty's first settlements were founded. Over these decades, many joyful and sad pages have been written in the fate of the city and in the lives of its residents, and many political, social, and economic changes have occurred. It is our civic duty to preserve Almaty's heritage, to reconstruct the portrait of the city against a historical background, and to pass down monuments of the epoch in events, faces, and buildings to new generations ...
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Astana
Astana is the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. On December 10, 1997 it was renamed Akmola, and on May 6, 1998 it was renamed Astana (until 1961 it was called Akmolinsk, then Tselinograd). Astana is an important industrial and cultural center of the republic, as well as a railway and auto transport junction. In 1824 it was founded as a military fort, in 1868 it received the status of town, and in the 1950's it was an important center in the development of virgin and disused lands in the north of the country ...
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Aktau
In 1963 the Aktau settlement got the status of the town. The unique warming up oil pipeline is installed here. The galleries of rock carvings of the epoch of nomads (10th-2th cent. B.C.) were found on a great lumps in the heart of peninsula, also necropolis with overgrave structures decorated by composite ornament were found here. Two old underground mosques built thousands years ago were found near the Ungazy mountain....
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Atyrau
Atyrau (named Guryev during the Soviet era) is a city in Kazakhstan, and the capital of Atyrau Province. It is located 2700 kilometers west of Almaty and 350 kilometers east of the Russian city of Astrakhan. Other transliterations include Aterau, Atirau, Atyraw, Atirav, Atiraw.
Modern Atyrau is famous for its oil and fish industries. It has 154,100 inhabitants (2007, up from 142,500 (1999 census)), 90% ethnic Kazakhs (up from 80%), the rest being mostly Russians and other ethnic groups such as Tatars and Ukrainians. SinceOctober 2006, itsmayorisSalimzhanNaqpayev...
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Baikonurcosmodrome
It was on February 12, 1955 that the Central Committee of the Communist Party and Council of Ministers of the USSR by joint decision ratified the creation of a research center for rocket engineering and testing. The location of the cosmodrome was of prime strategic importance and after much consideration, the ideal spot was found in the vast steppes of Kazakhstan, Baykonur ...
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Shymkent (Chimkent)
Shymkent is the capital city of South Kazakhstan Province, the most populated region in Kazakhstan. It is the third most populous city in Kazakhstan behind Almaty and Astana with a population of 539,600, (as of 1 June 2007), with one of the largest greater-metropolitan-area populations in Kazakhstan. It is a major railroad junction on the Turkestan-Siberia Railway and a notable cultural center and has also an international airport. It is situated 690 km west of Almaty and 120 km to the north of Tashkent, Uzbekistan...
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Taraz
The town of Taraz (Talas) ("City of Merchants") is more than 2000 years old. It reached its zenith in the 10-12th centuries, when it was famous as the capital of the Karakhan State. You can step into the past at the Karakhan and Dautbek Mausoleums, ruler's castles and many ancient burial places ...
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Turkestan
Turkestan (Yassy) was regarded as the spiritual and political center of the Turkic-speaking peoples and was the original capital of the Kazakh khans. Turkestan is 1500 years old. Sheikh HodjaAkhmetYassaui, a Sufi mystic, poet and philosopher, was the spiritual leader of the Turkic people. The HodjaAkhmetYassauiMausoleum is an unsurpassed masterpiece of medieval architecture and an amazing complex of palaces and temples ...
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