Вспомогательные предложения
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ 2.1 [3]. Система элементов ![](data:image/png;base64,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) , ![](data:image/png;base64,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) называется
базисом гильбертова пространства , если каждый элемент ![](data:image/png;base64,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) представим единственным образом в виде сходящегося ряда
![](data:image/png;base64,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) . (2.1)
Если, кроме того, выполняются равенства
![](data:image/png;base64,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) , ![](data:image/png;base64,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) (2.2)
то базис ![](data:image/png;base64,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) называется ортонормальным (или ортонормированным).
Примером ортонормированного базиса в вещественном пространстве ![](data:image/png;base64,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) является тригонометрическая система
![](data:image/png;base64,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) (2.3)
Пусть ![](data:image/png;base64,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) - произвольный ортонормированный базис пространства и -некоторый линейный ограниченный обратимый оператор. Тогда для любого вектора ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
![](data:image/png;base64,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) ,
и следовательно,
![](data:image/png;base64,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) ,
где
![](data:image/png;base64,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) , ![](data:image/png;base64,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) , ![](data:image/png;base64,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) . (2.4)
Очевидно,
![](data:image/png;base64,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) , (![](data:image/png;base64,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) ).
Поэтому, если
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAADkAAAANCAYAAAAT88Y+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7GAAAPKQEy8UiGAAAElklEQVR4nN2WC1CUVRTHfyyrsDxXd2UXGBAFlC0zHousig8gBDVNZKqx0FFJGU1iMp3MlCRpRsxRp9HMGF9Jas1Upqk0aY5NGiJtCYbAIgqI6BovEdkU2D4+bHEFdSCrmc7M/e79zj33nPM/95wzV9rW1mbmf05Sy6q1Cf3pHIxmBbGjA3ukZHfaDDZ/V8vwwABktgKjyYjB7MPHGcsxluRich6Mh+QaRUYIDdOicJA+UufjJIu13K93cqjKHlOjntCgYT1y5LmEuez9fhMxc5cQH+yFza0LpGVkcfViPr8WVOPUcpRdlwYQpXUnt1jBxCD/xwri5OGdmIdOI9xX3u2+iKTdqX1f6kn4YDvB/XuevS6+0bw97wRL01cSsmMXPq6+pKa9w+/leRw2nOaySYKXup4Tp64x8cmIvwXofrKxqUGfnc+o4JcfKCOCzEiawMY9F9myv4KzTUcZYu4EmpO5iFFJH1qfUodz6sxBdJ6uFlb4zEWM2TqN97YfIfP1WJGnHKgldZ22186/pPFkb9EA1h48zJLJT3VuCqW1Lel5PreLY/+yQH5uVBEjOUXclINkHViHo003ICfNWkrNCBUZyXFgtr7JgNiFZB95VlxbWpSdHP9+jlZy5hZnRsdFcs57QK9A3UumhjJSFr5L6o91ZNq3YJbIrAVsHYlZMJPib10o/S2PwWND8bSVE6BRdwFoAVlWUIHPsHEPNXx/D26V9hG+nczi459i6BtOyvQQ8f9GXS19JfVsWrub+BWrGCTrkDVWVXCj+ba4tnOQo5DbUZmbzaHL3ixOCBP5zdcLsek/kqH9ZaIeuMOGFenEpm1A49ihp8agx8Z3NiUFOfjqIin66RgqXTRGwzG2fVbK/MWJlr4ibU+LnHPlTJ7m2S04udcTTBBGV+oE2Fx5hj3nbXktcYIYyfYaT1+5geTlq3ByHUR93h4yhP3khIkUnv6Bgqo68ZzSO4iIMDdO5v3C9UZ7iz6Z0g8ub+HVlDKCRz7DjKk6nJQa7hR/w/snrzA3cQ5umiiurF7GxmvVqIrqCAmKInF+IKqWUpxkDRRkb0V/S4tniE64yfpKbrUNxdvd1crxntCmVcms3pHL6pR5Fp5/1CySGsqpVfalKf8CI+LfxEGI7PjpCYy/7/yLceNI/+Q2TYL59iDZywP46KtDlv3GmmqqHVppNVxCExHfcUNPx5L1hT9vvLCeRes3C83OLPrfYCjENEjBzUuFjJ+tExupdO2SfUxdnoKXrPdvgoTULOLesua1p2JT2XHMV6rYVV7FnLFCMF2U3Kyr65Ku+rwzlJW2UGGMRKNy7KK/ubaQ1po/2Hk2j2iPSCEYd2vv6g08psy6C7CD8vUXkBhNHKhqY0HDVUoUaqRLM9f0Gtxf5D7Qr1t+o104iQEONFSew+TkItykszjc7pFpNTVi76FlzkyhdszdB7qfWwCvLBghAA3jusTF0lzMqiChjq1l/aInMdxOSUnpeSFtHfEQmsk/+vRwVrjjLMxq5egHytjaOxM6Jvahevq4euLVXk1qHT6PsKlWDxFnbWinzX/3ffUf0Z9japfqh12atwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==) , (2.5)
то
![](data:image/png;base64,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) , ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
т.е. разложение (2.5) единственно.
Таким образом, всякий ограниченный обратимый оператор преобразует любой ортонормированный базис в некоторый другой базис пространства ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAANCAYAAAB/9ZQ7AAAACXBIWXMAAA8UAAAPKQHLcP4WAAAA7ElEQVR4nGP59+/ffwYiAQuxCuGK9y9uZph/+idDbW0lw9dD8xlaV15lKO3tYjCT5cVULCrIySCmbMSgKsrN8FVDmOE3nxaDtiQvdpNvXHjLoO2sCRY4t28Pg7J7KQM3FgeyMDK+Y7j25BmDGdNPhtvXzjGsPfiZIXyGGnY3/358ieEhgz5DlrEWA+fbiwy3mEUYLEWYwJKvX7xg4BKRgNvCsmr2BIZjj6UYPnx8y3B60UyGC2fuMdz9ysigwnCboTa7jCG8YxGDoyoPRHFU4waGKKg1KqVTGZ6Vglj/gVCFYcbadZgeJBYMEsUAMspI8/pjUHEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=) Базис ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABIAAAANCAYAAACkTj4ZAAAACXBIWXMAAA54AAAPKQESMTqDAAACQklEQVR4nK2SX0hTYRjGf+ucaTtnOqdH2sRgFkgllqSVFhSIgUh/1ExTLKM5NKNIvCiIkQld9McykjCsiIISLyqCCIK86qYgB2GR1YVZktPS/DPnmbp1toUhJnnRC9938z3v873P87yi3+8P8B9KDF6vH13jxos+7DW1ZKxQ/tnkG+rhSmMzasIWjlcXYhQCiLrAN9raXlJ1+Tpp1qWzYPXLM+52W6nMSZ1HFBFro+5kLU7HEbpLCkhXghOpw3h1RiSTQYP8Uel6/oolicULTiVIBiwxcXindKE+Eb2FWEXFMDpCf28HeZkNtH7qpLPTTdK2KerLy9l6poXslcY5RDMTXj6OxrEjIfy/2NF+B/O6XUTHyAispeDgThTTIJ+nIyiMt9BniydWEudPJMdQsjeZe1cfI6dmIWbvK+HpIScD+blYNUC3fwJLv4shYwZq7xt64zZSJI/TdMJJ3umLJEth+TOenzx5+I79rQ5WRwbCHo16I0KPkdFmNotfqag7x4cxC03tmTiqKjAbBaKUVXi7HnDBNcnhyjKiNI+s0gg/hrRGa9Bsg4RJEIg2Cej1Zmou3SfRWYZnz01K08Ipqlrc/dI0vvc9pOc4QnH7JnSMqQN4J8NSxUDARvWxHBrrGyi2H2WDzYDHlkt2in7Wj3GNaMrt4bari6I1bjzf3bQ032JZ/im2J4WlhlxM2rSb89rh9wKU2g/MMVa2pGjLuh7f4FuGZROyolBXf3YOZn4cf6lIYzzLg+lbshbELIpoMfULi1C13kx4mxcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=) , ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACcAAAANCAYAAAAqlHdlAAAACXBIWXMAAA6tAAAPKQFQwrcfAAACZElEQVR4nM2TbUhTURjHf7ObutnE3JZmRtDUAoXMBUHQl2jkCKwkGtoH8UN+KUNEUGta4aywwoxKoQh6mViY9MEGZoEvkBakjBVJCUqJTrNMzDlsbF2njdaLulLyB+fcc87zPPf8z7n/K7hcLjdLFAG3HUtzO+618SSqI/63Hh+Eqe5NSz29MSH/JG58ZIhbd03oM7IJlwre9d6OBq7fa2DE7mRvVhHaBJUf4iQy3LIQ1sdF/rWwvo6H3HzyFLN5gNSDPwTEr9I16CL3RBkDLRUYrtSgrcz2Q5zIp6+DbFOAYc8WGhX7eXajwJtQbzxASnGtT9HyDXr6X9agWDZt1+ik3Rg0ajrNZb5vFw+erNN5hp+DpITKpf6cGcE52EZT6wQ2x1Vij9zBqN3ok7A17RhmTabvniuivMLmQ0/nI2peySk/leafuPfW50ysieLju27iwuSMjdmRy2VzFjqcLoKFgD/GpzzokikJsHVS93qSLP0umpvb2Je8neHhIZTKVd5cW/8HIleHYBsYJzJK5Zl/sY8iWNu70OnzSBoycfxkCSpjIdrN67yFKnUiyWKbjbG+F5Sdu4iluwPD2UsU5mRiFa0xvqOErvJ83gbH0NNUiy1cQ6ougfOGAg6VVqFWBOKctHA4o5JrpqOcySsl4/RlTLk7KX9gRUgxVM5sUUxj+pwX9lvk0RpKKm6LbXoukYzQ2h9BfGw06dWPf8ruRupMYKVs+taFwE3cb6zyjCuqTZ5nUp2FC8z8EAuNY1RCqrFItMevvnSMKsmvypnVEt9ZFHFBoWEEzRKbL4sibqFY0uK+AV0iyCV5oEJJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC) пространства , получаемый из ортонормированного базиса с помощью такого преобразования, называется базисом, эквивалентным ортонормированному (по терминологии Н.К.Бари [4] –базисом Рисса).
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |