Ложная память. Почему нельзя доверять воспоминаниям



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false memory
522, normy yazyka

Слова благодарности


Фред. Если бы не ты, я никогда бы не стала ученым. Я бы вылетела из университета на первом курсе, отправилась бы изучать изящные искусства и никогда бы не написала эту книгу. Я тебя люблю.


Эта книга была написана благодаря моей семье.
Мама. Если бы не ты, я бы никогда не стала женщиной. Я тебя люблю.
Марк. Если бы не ты, я бы не стала художником. Я тебя люблю.
Оми. Если бы не ты, я бы не стала леди. Я тебя люблю.
Папа. Если бы не ты, я бы не стала интеллектуалом. Я тебя люблю.
Эта книга была написана благодаря моим друзьям.
Ноэми Дрекслер, Джон Гаспар, Аннелиз Вредевельдт, Мара Тоббенс, Софи ван дер Зее, Джоди Перзан, Бьянка Бейкер. Ваша поддержка помогала мне двигаться дальше.
Эта книга была написана благодаря моим научным наставникам.
Стив Харт. Если бы не вы, я не начала бы изучать юридическую психологию.
Стив Портер. Если бы не вы, я бы не стала заниматься исследованием ложных воспоминаний.
Рэй Булл. Если бы не вы, я бы никогда не была так уверена в собственном интеллекте.
Барри Бейерштейн. Если бы не вы, я бы не стала скептиком.
Элизабет Лофтус. Если бы не вы, не существовало бы прикладной науки о ложных воспоминаниях.
Эта книга была написана благодаря тем, кто напрямую работал над ее публикацией.
Кёрсти Маклаклан из литературного агентства DGA. Эта книга была опубликована благодаря тому, что вы случайно наткнулись на статью в газете Evening Standard, и благодаря вашей вере в меня.
Гарри Скобл из издательства Random House. Вы поверили в меня как в писателя, и благодаря долгим месяцам редактирования эта книга стала тем, чем она является.
Команда DGA. Благодаря вашей вере в меня и вашему упорству эта книга была распродана еще до того, как я закончила над ней работать.
Кристиан Кот из издательства Hanser. После того как вы не задумываясь приобрели права на эту книгу, на меня обрушился такой град предложений, какого я и представить себе не могла.



1 Мобиль (от англ . mobile) – вращающаяся подвесная игрушка с разноцветными фигурками, которую обычно вешают над детской кроваткой. – Прим. перев.



2 http://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,—2899,00.html



3 Конфабуляции (лат . confabulari – болтать, рассказывать) – ложные воспоминания, в которых факты, бывшие в действительности, переносятся в другое время и сочетаются с вымышленными событиями. – Прим. ред .



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9 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/moniz-article.html



10 Freeman W. (1967). Multiple lobotomies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 123 (11): 1450–1452.



11 Miller G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63 (2): 81.



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27 Строка из стихотворения американского поэта Э. Э. Каммингса «Along the brittle treacherous bright streets…». – Прим. перев.



28 Более подробную информацию см. на сайтах arhopwood.com и falsememoryarchive.com.



29 Собор в Ковентри был законсервирован в виде руин как памятник, и рядом был построен новый собор. – Прим. ред.



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32 #платье.



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175 Там же.



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199 https://blog.kaspersky.com/digital-amnesia-survival/9194/



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207 http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/1995/03/19/questions_prompt_reexamination_of_fells_acres_sexual_abuse_case?pg=full



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211 http://www.wicca-chat.com/bos/witch/amiraults-trial.txt



212 https://www.nspcc.org.uk/preventing-abuse/signs-symptoms-effects/



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214 Pazder L. & Smith M. (1980). Michelle Remembers. N. Y.: Pocket Books.



215 Джейн Доу (англ. Jane Doe) – термин, использующийся для нарицательного наименования лица женского пола, чье имя неизвестно или по тем или иным причинам не разглашается. – Прим. перев.



216 Loftus E. F. & Guyer M. (2002). Who abused Jane Doe? The hazards of the single case history. Part I. Skeptical Inquirer, 26 (3): 24–32.



217 Webster R. (1995). Why Freud Was Wrong: Sin, Science, and Psychoanalysis. Basic Books.



218 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/facts/literature/



219 http://theconversation.com/explainer-what-are-false-memories-49454



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221 Cheit R. E. (2014). The Witch-Hunt Narrative: Politics, Psychology, and the Sexual Abuse of Children. Oxford University Press.



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223 http://www.innocenceproject.org/



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226 Jaeggi S. M., Buschkuehl M., Jonides J. & Perrig W. J. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105 (19): 6829–6833.



227 Melby-Lervåg M. & Hulme C. (2013). Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review. Developmental Psychology, 49 (2): 270–291.



228 Melby-Lervåg M. & Hulme C. (2015). There is no convincing evidence that working memory training is effective: A reply to Au et al. (2014) and Karbach and Verhaeghen (2014). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1–7.



229 Foer J. (2011). Moonwalking with Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything. Penguin Books.



230 В английском варианте слова, составляющие фразу «Никогда не ешь склизкие сосиски» начинаются с тех же букв, что и стороны света: Never Eat Soggy Wieners – North, East, South, West. В качестве русского аналога можно привести хрестоматийную фразу «Каждый охотник желает знать, где сидят фазаны», которая используется для запоминания последовательности основных цветов видимого спектра (красный, оранжевый, желтый, зеленый, голубой, синий, фиолетовый). – Прим. перев. и ред.



231 Geraci L., McDaniel M. A., Miller T. M. & Hughes M. L. (2013). The bizarreness effect: evidence for the critical influence of retrieval processes. Memory & Cognition, 41 (8): 1228–1237.



232 Morrison K. M., Browne B. L. & Breneiser J. E. (2012). The effect of imagery instruction on memory. North American Journal of Psychology, 14 (2): 355–364.



233 https://www.ted.com/talks/elizabeth_loftus_the_fiction_of_memory/transcript?language=en




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